What scientic theories could not be
نویسنده
چکیده
According to the semantic view of scientic theories, theories are classes of models. I show that this view — if taken seriously as a formal explication — leads to absurdities. In particular, this view equates theories that are truly distinct, and it distinguishes theories that are truly equivalent. Furthermore, the semantic view lacks the resources to explicate interesting theoretical relations, such as embeddability of one theory into another. e untenability of the semantic view — as currently formulated — threatens to undermine scientic structuralism.
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Applied Linguistics and Applied Literature in the sense that we would like to use them should result in academic activities that are social in their orientation. Academics are not isolated individuals equipped with scientific tools and working within laboratory like situations. Their close encounter with the real world situations is a fundamental necessity. Reading theories and literary texts i...
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